4-hr old baby with cyanosis. The following is part of the
echocardiogram.
Questions:
1) What do you observe?
Answer: ASD/PFO with exclusive right to left shunting.
2) Provide at least 3 differential diagnoses for this observation.
Answer: (i) Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (aka. Persistent fetal circulation), (ii) Tricuspid Atresia, (iii) TAPVR, (iv) Pulmonary Atresia with Intact ventricular septum, (v) Any condition with pulmonary hypertension in a newborn, e.g. Ebtein's anomaly with pulmonary hypertension, etc.
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